"China mining industry" exclusive recommendation | China and global tungsten trade situation analysis
There are many kinds of tungsten products, including raw materials and processed products. Raw material products refer to tungsten concentrate and primary and intermediate smelting products, such as tungstate, tungsten trioxide, oxide and hydroxide of unlisted tungsten, tungsten powder, tungsten carbide and iron tungstate. Processing products mainly refer to tungsten wire, tungsten material and unsintered mixture and so on.
China has always been the most important tungsten trading country in the world, and the export volume of tungsten products ranks first in the world. From 1949 to 1995, China mainly exported raw materials such as tungsten concentrate, tungstate and iron tungstate, among which tungsten concentrate accounted for about half of the output of tungsten concentrate. The export volume of tungsten products in China is much larger than that in China, and it was not until 2009 that the export volume of tungsten products in China was lower than that in China for the first time. It can be seen that the export of tungsten products in China has an important impact on the development of domestic tungsten industry and the global tungsten supply and demand pattern. The United States, Europe and Japan are the main importing countries and regions of tungsten products in the world, mainly importing tungsten raw materials, and exporting them in the form of high quality processing products with high technical content and high added value, high-end cemented carbide tools and complete sets of equipment. The purpose of this paper is to study the global tungsten trade situation, to understand Chinaundefineds position in the international tungsten market, and to provide suggestions for the development planning and industrial structure adjustment of tungsten industry in China from the point of view of the present situation of tungsten trade and export structure.
I. Analysis of total import and export of tungsten products in the world
The global tungsten product trade pattern is relatively stable, and the import and export volume of tungsten products fluctuate up and down in 40,000 t (metal quantity, the same below). The United States, Europe and Japan are major import countries and regions, mainly of tungsten concentrate, tungstate and tungsten oxide. China, Vietnam, Russia, Canada and Rwanda are the main export countries.
1.1 the global tungsten export volume fluctuated about 40,000 tons from 2004 to 2016, and tends to be stable in recent years. China is the largest exporter of tungsten products in the world, but with the increase of waste tungsten utilization in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Europe, the export of tungsten products from Vietnam, Canada and Bolivia has increased, and the dependence of foreign countries on Chinese tungsten products has decreased. Chinaundefineds tungsten exports fell from 28000 tons in 2004 to 22000 tons in 2016, and the global share fell from 68 percent to 52 percent. In other countries, such as Canada, Russia, Vietnam, Bolivia and Rwanda, total tungsten exports rose from 3 percent in 2004 to 13 percent in 2016. In 2016, the United States, Europe and Japan accounted for 35 percent of global tungsten exports.
Exports and exports of tungsten from major countries and regions,2004-2016 Share of Chinese exports 1.2 Global Tungsten Imports Global imports of tungsten accounted for 27 per cent,29 per cent and 18 per cent of global imports, respectively, of about 41,000 tons in 2016. The total imports of tungsten from the United States, Japan and Europe were about 30,000 tons, and the proportion of imports to the world fell from 82% in 2004 to 73% in 2016. South Korea, Canada and Russia and other countries undefined tungsten imports increased from 4000 tons in 2004 to 8000 tons in 2016, accounting for a global increase from 11% to 20%. China imports about 3000 tons of tungsten, accounting for about 7% of global tungsten imports.
Import and export of tungsten products in major countries and regions from
2004 to 2016 U.S.-Japan-to-European import ratio II. China undefineds tungsten goods trade In 2016, the export volume of tungsten in China is 2.2 million tons (excluding the hard alloy), the import volume is 0.3 million tons, and the net export volume is 19,000 t. 2.1 Chinese tungsten exports in that early 1980s, Due to the multi-head export and self-competition, the export volume of China undefineds tungsten products is difficult to control, and the export products are mainly the primary products such as tungsten concentrate, tungsten iron and secondary tungstate. in order to protect and reasonably develop the precious tungsten ore resources and improve the economic benefit, in 1993, a quota system and a license system are applied to the outlet of the primary intermediate smelting products such as the tungstate, the tungsten trioxide, the oxide and the hydroxide of the tungsten tungstate, the tungsten powder, the tungsten carbide powder, the tungsten powder and the tungsten carbide powder, The export quota for tungsten products is about 17,000 t, and the export of tungsten concentrate has been banned from the year 2000. In that change of the structure of the export product, it can be seen that the export of the tungsten product of China realize the transition from the tungsten concentrate to the tungsten smelting product, and then to the processing product. in 1985, the export volume of the tungsten concentrate accounts for 61% of the total export volume, and the tungstate and the tungsten iron accounts for 16%. in 1995, that volume of tungsten in the quota accounted for 95% of the total export volume, with the tungstate account for 74% and the tungsten concentrate is no longer exported. since the 21st century, the outlet of the tungstate has decreased, the tungsten oxide and the tungsten carbide outlet are up, and the tungsten material, In 2016, the export of tungsten and hard alloy was reduced to 13%, tungsten oxide (26%), hard alloy (21%) and tungsten carbide (16%).
Changes of the export structure of tungsten products in China and China in 1985 and 2016 The export quota system and the export tariff management of the tungsten products in 22 years have given a certain guiding role to the adjustment of the export structure of the tungsten products in China, and the export structure of the tungsten products in China has been gradually changed. However, the pattern of the export of tungsten-type products has not changed radically. In 2015, China cancelled the export tariff of tungsten products and 20% of the tungsten iron. In 2016, the export of tungsten iron increased by more than 5 times in 2014, and the export of primary intermediate-level smelting products (the original quota of tungsten products) increased by 14% in 2014. The total exports of tungsten and the original quota of tungsten account for 81 per cent of the total export volume. 2.2 The import of tungsten products in China The import of tungsten in China includes tungsten concentrate, sodium tungstate and tungsten powder. The import of tungsten is low. In recent years, the import of tungsten in China is declining. The total import of tungsten in 2016 is about 3,000 tons, of which the imported tungsten concentrate is 2 100t, accounting for 68% of the import volume.
