Investigation and Comprehensive Utilization of tailings in six kinds of important Mines
Abstract: The comprehensive investigation of the important copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, gold and fluorite mine tailings has been carried out, and the characteristics of comprehensive utilization of copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, gold and fluorite mine tailings are formed. On the basis of the investigation, a typical tailings reservoir is selected, and the research of valuable components (metal, non-metal and whole utilization) in the tailings is carried out, and the key technology of recovery, resource and quantitative treatment of the recovery of the mining solid waste such as the garnet, the white tungsten and the tailings in the tailings is formed. 1. Overview of the project Mine tailings, as one of the largest types of solid waste in the mining industry, bring safety and environmental pollution to the surrounding, and these tailings often have good resource properties. How to make rational resource or scale reduction of mine tailings on the basis of scientific investigation and evaluation is a major subject for mine practitioners. In view of the above problems, the investigation and evaluation of copper, copper, gold, lead, zinc and fluorite in the production of mine tailings have been conducted, and the comprehensive utilization characteristic of more than 1300 mine tailings information is formed, and the availability evaluation of the tailings pond with a large resource potential is carried out. The key technology of comprehensive utilization is put forward, and the data and technical basis for resource, reduction and innocent treatment of mine tailings in China are provided. The results are attributed to the "Investigation on the Saving and Comprehensive Utilization of 22 Important Mineral Resources" (2016-2018) and the "Investigation on the Resource-saving and Comprehensive Utilization" (2015) project, which is undertaken by the China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Zhengzhou Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources. 2. Introduction of results (1) the comprehensive utilization characteristics of the tailings of the six important mineral types are formed. Based on the investigation of the tailings in the production of copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, gold and fluorite, the comprehensive utilization characteristic database of mine tailings is formed by field investigation, sample collection and analysis and analysis, and the database covers more than 1300 tailings ponds. It mainly includes such information as the storage position of the tailings pond, the stock quantity, the annual discharge amount, the mineral composition, the chemical composition, the floor area and the like (FIG.1). The main application of this database is to provide the most visual data to the ore and government management, to facilitate the classification and management of the tailings. The tailings pond containing rare and scattered elements shall be protected, so that it can be used as a low-value building material, which causes waste of resources; and the tailing pond with high heavy metal content and easy to be leached needs to be treated as soon as possible, so as to avoid the adverse effect on the surrounding environment. It is convenient to comb the common characteristics of different tailings, and to carry out the key technology of the utilization and disposal of the tailings in a targeted manner. To promote the cooperative utilization of the mine tailings. The building material products are the biggest ways to reduce the mine tailings, but the chemical elements of various building materials have special requirements for the chemical elements of the raw materials, and the components of the single mine tailings are often difficult to meet the above requirements. The large data can be used for selecting a plurality of types of tailings to be combined together until the formula requirements of the specific products are met, and the maximum reduction of the tailings is realized. Figure 1. Tailing database filling interface Through the investigation of the mine tailings,210 of the tailings pond with the potential of comprehensive utilization were found. There are 13 tailings ponds that have been recovered from the valuable components of the tailings. According to the existing comprehensive recovery technical index, the output value can be realized at a value of 1.66 billion yuan. The total utilization of tailings in the tailings pond is 183, the total utilization of the tailings is 3175.36 million tons, and the annual discharge of these enterprises is 8555.47 million tons, and the utilization amount accounts for 37.11% of the total discharge amount. At present, the whole utilization of the tailings is mainly used for backfilling and preparing the building materials, and the small amount is the recovery of the non-metallic minerals in the tailings. The results show that the tailings have good resource properties. (2)210 of the tailings pond with the potential of comprehensive utilization were found, and the availability of 42 typical tailings pools was evaluated. Most of the tailings can be comprehensively utilized by the technical means such as ore dressing, leaching or whole utilization, and has better technical and economic feasibility, and the availability evaluation and the forming comprehensive utilization technology of the three typical tailing reservoirs are described below. The comprehensive recycling and utilization of the white tungsten and the pomegranates in the tailings of the large-scale tungsten-tungsten resource base in the Yinchuan county are as follows: the production scale of a certain company in the county is 4500t/ d, and in the past, only the valuable components such as sulfur, associated tungsten and pomegranates are not recovered, The content of Mo in the tailings pond is about 0.005% and the content of WO3 is 0.12% ~ 0.16%. By the process mineralogy of the tailings, the mineral composition of the ore and the particle size characteristic, the distribution characteristic and the occurrence state of the useful component are found. And the corresponding comprehensive recycling technical method and the process flow are formed through the technical research. The main technical indexes are as follows: single recovery of tungsten can obtain the tungsten rough concentrate with the WO3 grade of 1.89% and the recovery rate of 92.30%, and further select the qualified tungsten concentrate; and comprehensively recovering the tungsten and the iron, and obtaining the WO3 content of 1.51%, the recovery rate of 95.11% and the MoO3 content of 0.61%, The recovery rate is 75.45% of the tungsten disulfide rough concentrate, and the raw material of the tungsten disulfide alloy can be further selected; the tungsten disulfide flotation tailings adopt the gravity separation process to obtain the calcium iron garnet concentrate with the yield of about 40%, the TFe content of 15.13%, the recovery rate of 50.13% and the purity of 83%, High-efficiency recovery and utilization of the pomegranates. The technology is characterized in that the different types of valuable components in the tailings are comprehensively considered, and the comprehensive recovery of the mine tailings is realized through the development of the medicament and the innovation of the process flow. At present, the industrialization promotion has been carried out with the enterprises, and the industrial application prospect is good. The comprehensive utilization of the copper-heap leaching-tail slag of the Sanmine trench in the multi-Baoshan area of Heilongjiang province is as follows: the copper-iron deposit of the Cateca-type copper-iron deposit, the main metal-mineral chalcopyrite, the magnetite and the small amount of pyrite, the limonite and the gangue minerals are mainly garnet, quartz and calcite. The copper grade of the mine in the mining area is 1.33%, the reserve is about 50,000 t, the Fe grade is 33.24% ~ 44.66%, and gold, silver, selenium, selenium and so on are also associated with the ore. For many reasons such as technology, the mine is only heap leaching and recovery of copper, the rest of the beneficial components are discarded (FIG.3), and the resource waste is huge. on the basis of the analysis of the mineral composition of the copper heap leaching tailings and the evaluation and analysis of the distribution characteristics of the main useful minerals, a large number of tests such as flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation, leaching and the like are carried out, a heavy-magnetic combined process flow is developed, and the gold and the iron in the heap leaching tailings are realized, And the comprehensive recovery of the pomegranates and the like. The test results show that the gold concentrate with the recovery rate of 35.44% can be obtained by gravity separation, the recovery rate of the recovery gold is 7.82%, the magnetic iron is 65.16%, the recovery rate is 89.34%, the concentration of the magnetic separation tailings can be 53.57%, The calcium-iron eclogite concentrate with the purity of more than 95% realizes the comprehensive recovery of the co-associated minerals. The technical process is characterized in that the flow structure is short, the cost is low, the simple and easy to implement, the R & D technology is accepted by the enterprise, and the application certificate is issued. The comprehensive utilization of the lead-zinc tailings in the Xigou lead-zinc tailings of Henan Province is that the content of PbO in the western-ditch lead-zinc tailings of a mining company in Henan is 1.61%, so as to meet the general requirements of the lead-zinc bed industrial index. Based on the analysis of the tailings, it is found that lead minerals mainly have an independent mineral, galena, galena and galena. The grain size of galena is mainly in the range of 0.01-0.25 mm, most of which can be dissociated; the grain size of galena is mainly in the range of 0.005-0.2 mm, and 94.38% is not dissociated. The separation process was developed and the lead crude concentrate with the Pb grade of 12.57% and the recovery rate of 37.35% can be obtained by the flotation process, and the lead crude concentrate with the Pb grade of 7.8% and the recovery rate of 49.21% can be obtained by the gravity separation process. The obtained technology has the advantages of simple equipment and process, easy implementation and small influence on the production flow, but can obviously improve the recovery rate of the useful minerals and the comprehensive utilization rate of the ore. 3. Significance of results in the implementation process of the project, the formed copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, gold and fluorite mine tailings comprehensive utilization characteristic large data, can provide the basic information needed by the mine administration management, And the like can provide data support in the aspects of collaborative utilization and the like. A series of comprehensive utilization technical schemes developed by the invention can provide a technical and economically feasible valuable component recovery scheme for more than 40 tailings ponds, such as the mine tailings, the yellow-lion and water-logging gold mine tailings, and the like in the Sichuan area, and provides the technical support for the resource, the reduction and the innocent treatment of the mine tailings in China.
